Kidney Transplant Rejection In Hla-Sensitized Patients Risk Factors And Immunosuppressive Strategies.

Original Article

Abstract

Background: In kidney transplant recipients sensitized to donor antigens, graft rejection remains a leading cause of allograft failure. The presence of preformed antibodies against donor human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules predisposes these patients to heightened immune-mediated rejection of the allograft. Careful consideration of individual risk factors, along with the judicious use of
immunosuppressive therapies, is essential to improving transplant outcomes in sensitized patients.

Objectives: To identify the factors contributing to graft rejection in HLA-sensitized kidney transplant recipients and to evaluate the most effective immunosuppressive strategies for this high-risk population.

Methodology:This cross-sectional study was conducted at the January 2023 to January 2024.out of 100 patients Data were collected from HLA-sensitized kidney transplant recipients to assess risk factors for graft rejection and evaluate the effectiveness of different immunosuppressive strategies.

Results: Total 100 patients mean age of participants was 47.8 ± 12.4 years and S/D of 12.4 years). The rate of rejection was much higher for sensitized participants (p < 0.01) compared to individuals who were not sensitized. Whereas elevated DSA and a history of previous transplants were helpful in predicting rejection. The outcomes showed that using plasmapheresis, IVIg and induction therapy helped improve the survival of grafts (p = 0.03).

Conclusion: HLA sensitization markedly increases the risk of graft rejection in kidney transplant recipients. When rejection is spotted early and the right immunosuppressant therapies are used, the chances of rejection and graft loss are lowered.