Exploring the reasons behind delay in detection of cervical cancer in Pakistani population

Original Article

Abstract

Objective: To explore the factors contributing to delayed detection and treatment of cervical cancer among Pakistani women presenting with advanced disease.

Methodology: This exploratory study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad, Pakistan, from January to June 2025. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with 15 patients for data collection and took about 30-45 minutes. Interviews included participants' knowledge of cervical cancer, the presentation of symptoms, health-seeking behavior, experiences of diagnosis, treatment, and family reactions, and financial constraints. We used Braun and Clarke’s thematic analysis approach.

Results: 15 women aged 35–55 years, with a Mean age of 46.0 ± SD years, with advanced cervical cancer were recruited. Themes that emerged from the analysis included knowledge about cervical cancer, personal behavior, sociocultural attitudes and beliefs, financial barriers, and health-system-related factors. Financial barriers included the cost of diagnostic testing, transportation, and loss of income. Health system factors covered included a lack of screening services, delayed referrals, poor patient-provider communication, poor follow-up, overcrowding of facilities, and lack of specialist services.

Conclusion: Delayed cervical cancer detection resulted from interconnected patient, sociocultural, financial, and health-system barriers. Strengthening screening services, improving community awareness, ensuring timely referral, reducing financial barriers, and empowering women may facilitate earlier detection and treatment.